" the lower extremities is to support the venous return at three consecutive levels: foot, calf, and thigh. The function is dependent on the competency of venous valves and may be impaired because of reflux in the superficial venous system at various locations (great saphenous vein, small saphenous vein, perforating veins). A proportion of the expelled blood returns down, resulting in an increased ambulatory venous pressure. The efficacy of the muscle pump can be assessed by measuring blood volume changes during walking. One of the useful methods is air-plethysmography, which measures reflux"

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" 277 posters, and 1360 authors. Emphasis was laid on the considerable progress made in the technologies used: capillaroscopy performed not only on the fingernail bed, the forearm, in animal mesentery models, and hamster cheek pouch, but also in vivo in the pia mater, or in organs. Furthermore, data collected by capillaroscopy or Doppler laser are now digital and are used in mathematical and physical models. Many animal models allow an in situ approach and, in particular, a genetic approach by a chromosome-mediated or gene transfer method. In addition, the use of animals with a single deficienc"

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"s deal more with basic research or focus on specific areas (thromboembolic diseases, investigations in venous diseases, etc.). Depending on the type of manuscript you intend to submit, select the journal carefully. Before submission, read the instructions for authors. Complete information for authors and editorial policies are available on journal web sites. Below is a non-exhaustive list of journals indicating their subject matter, impact factors, and Web site addresses. Good luck with your submission. Understanding impact factors Sarah Novack Servier Internati"

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"s approach to medical information and to communication in its fields of interest. As a leading company in most of its markets, Servier considers it a duty to help young doctors to communicate their work. In line with this approach is the Medical Reporters’ Academy (MRA) to which we belong. We, as members of the MRA, are an international group of young specialists with a core interest in venous disease drawn from various fields, including dermatology and internal medicine in addition to the more directly related areas of angiology and vascular surgery. Each year, we are invi"

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"ortcuts from the training session: “Introduction to effective medical writing” September 23, 2010, Paris, France "

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