"s dysplasia of the lymphatics (LAD I), dysplasia of the lymph nodes (LAD II), or dysplasia of the lymphatics and lymph nodes (LAAD). Lymphatic dysplasias can be clinically represented by peripheral lymphedema alone or be associated with more and complex dysfunction in different locations, eg, intestinal lymph vessels, thoracic duct, and others. Primary lymphedema has for many years been the least understood form of lymphedema, but exploration of the underlying genetic causes of certain types of primary lymphedema is helping researchers identify and understand previously unrecognized syndromes."

Full text

"they limit investigation to color duplex scanning (CDS), which in this perspective is logical and reasonable. Compression, drugs, and lifestyle recommendations do not call for level III investigation according to the CEAP classification.1 Conservative treatment as far as etiology is concerned relies mainly on the signs and symptoms, independently of the location, extension of anatomical lesions, and pathophysiological abnormality. Conversely, when surgical or endovenous treatment is considered, the CEAP A and P descriptors must be defined precisely and the severity of PTS as a whole must be"

Full text

" remains a significant problem in our community today. The condition has been treated mainly with ablative procedures such as stripping and/or sclerotherapy. The aim of this study was to assess external valvular stenting (EVS) of incompetent venous valves as a reparative alternative to the management of patients with varicose veins. In addition, ultrasound examination of the superficial venous valves prior to surgery was also assessed for its ability to predict success with EVS. Methods: Valves considered for EVS were assessed with brightness-mode (B-mode), spectral pulsed Doppler (PD), col"

Full text

"ity, symptoms typically are a mix of cognitive and physical disturbances. Leg swelling and discomfort are one such physical symptom. The goal of the study is to define the clinical entity of a late luteal phase vasodilation syndrome in symptomatic patients. Methods: Duplex venous scans were performed in the standing position on 12 premenopausal women (age range 19-46 years) who described premenstrual symptoms of bilateral leg swelling, pressure, or pain. One scan was performed during the follicular phase (days 3-6) and one during the luteal phase (days 20-24). Great saphenous vein (GSV) dia"

Full text

"become clear that the lesion is present in over half the general population in silent form. A clinical syndrome variously known as May- Thurner syndrome, Cockett syndrome, or “iliac vein compression syndrome”, caused by NIVL, is thought to be a rare form of chronic venous disease (CVD). However, with liberal use of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), the lesion is found in over 90% of highly symptomatic CVD cases, with a very broad clinical and demographic spectrum. Silent NIVL in the general population may play a permissive role in the development of CVD. Venous stenting of NIVL provides exc"

Full text

"which appeared much more crucial. In the last decade, researchers have become interested in lymphatic function since many diseases seem to interact with it (cancer, inflammation, infection, auto-immunity). The lymphatic system is harder to study than its vascular counterpart as its vessels are ill-defined, almost invisible. Intravital microscopy alone correctly visualizes these structures, thus shedding light on their function and quantifying their movements. This paper focuses on lymph anatomy and physiology, summarizes research trends, and considers lymph diseases and the latest treatments, "

Full text

"rogress – 45 rue des Saints Pères, Paris, France SUMMARY The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the major role played by the new computerized imaging tools available today in the fields of morphology and vascular anatomy. For anatomical studies or educational purposes, they enhance classic techniques. Three-dimensional reconstruction, which is already used in daily clinical practice, will be the basis for computation of validated volumetric protocols enhancing our diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic methods. It is also a fantastic educational tool: interactivity and virtual di"

Full text