Venous thoracic outlet syndrome: a comprehensive clinical and therapeutic review

Ahmed S. Gaweesh, MD, MSc, PhD Department of Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt iVein Clinics, Egypt Mohammed A. Elsabbagh, MD, PhD, FRCS Department of Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt University Hospitals Birmingham, United Kingdom ABSTRACT Venous thoracic outlet syndrome (VTOS) is a vascular disorder caused by extrinsic compression of the axillary-subclavian vein, leading to impaired venous drainage of the upper extremity. Compression most commonly occurs at the costoclavicular junction (CCJ) and, less frequently, at the pectoralis minor space, either independently or as part of a combined “double crush” mechanism. This venous compression…

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Residual rates of reflux and obstruction and their correlation to post-thrombotic syndrome in a randomized study on catheter-directed thrombolysis for deep vein thrombosis.

Haig Y, Enden T, Slagsvold CE, Sandvik L, Sandset PM, Kløw NE. J Vasc Surg: Venous Lymphat Disord. 2014;2:123-130. Catheter-directed thrombolysis, venous abnormalities, and postthrombotic syndrome Despite appropriate anticoagulant therapy, at least 1 of every 2 to 3 patients with proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities will develop (severe) postthrombotic sequelae (PTS). Among parameters that have been found to be associated with an increased risk of PTS are venous thrombosis of the common femoral or iliac vein, obesity, previous ipsilateral DVT, older age, and female sex.1,2 By contrast, the role played by the development of venous reflux…

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