" chronic venous disease, this increase in venous pressure is linked to venous reflux. A linear relationship exists between increased ambulatory venous pressure and skin ulceration. The length of time a subject is exposed to elevated venous pressure is a major factor in the progression of venous disease and in the development of varicose veins. The development of an animal model of venous hypertension (VHT) has demonstrated venous valve damage at an early stage of the disease, associated with the development of a leukocyte-endothelium biochemical cascade reaction. According to a similar mech"

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"ulatory changes in chronic venous disease (CVD) is challenging because we lack practical tools. The orthogonal polarization spectral (OPS) imaging technique used in the Cytoscan is less than ten years old and seems to be suitable for studying patients suffering from CVD. The Cytoscan has a small handheld probe which can be noninvasively applied to all body surfaces. CVD was studied using the OPS technique for the first time in the Laboratory for Research in Microcirculation at State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Five microcirculatory parameters were correlated with the clinical-etio"

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