Dialogue on venous hemodynamics

Oscar MALETI,1 MD: Fedor LURIE,2 MD, PhD; Giorgio BERGAMO,3 BSc; Sara GUERZONI,4 BSc; Marzia LUGLI,1 MD 1Vascular Surgery, Hesperia Hospital, Modena, Italy 2Jobst Vascular Institute and the Division of Vascular Surgery at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA 3Microlab Elettronica Sas. Padova, Italy 4Fleboxan Vein Clinic, Modena, Italy Abstract Hemodynamics of the venous system of the lower limbs is very complex, its explanation typically evoking formulas and concepts that can be daunting for those new to the subject. Here, we approach the task from a more conversational angle, introducing a dialogue between expert and student as they discuss…

Full text

Modeling and 3D printing of veins from CT venograms

Jean-Francois UHL, MD, FacPh of the UNESCO Chair of Digital Anatomy, Paris University Abstract Digital anatomy has more and more applications in medicine and surgery, thanks to the progress in imaging and power of computer software. To evaluate patients with chronic venous disorders, in the case of complex anatomy or recurrent varices after surgery (REVAS), three-dimensional (3D) modeling of the venous system is often a great support. A global 3D depiction of the whole venous morphology will help the hemodynamical mapping achieved by color Duplex ultrasound. In addition to anatomical information, color Duplex ultrasound also provides essential hemodynamic data for…

Full text

Anatomy of foot and ankle perforator veins

Jean-François UHL1 Miguel LO VUOLO2 Claude GILLOT1 1 URDIA Anatomy Research Unit EA4465, Descartes University, Paris Cité Sorbonne 2 Diagnóstico por Imágenes Junín, Santa Fe, Argentina Abstract Background: The foot venous pump is located in the plantar veins, where both its anatomy and connections with the saphenous roots and the foot perforator veins are not well known, and therefore, they are under investigated in daily practice. The aim of this paper is to describe the unique anatomy and the functional role of the foot perforator veins and emphasize their key role during the activation of the foot venous pump. Ankle…

Full text

The venous system of the foot: anatomy, physiology, and clinical aspects

The venous system of the foot: anatomy, physiology, and clinical aspects Stefano RICCI Ambulatorio Flebologico Rome, Italy Abstract Venous return from the foot is worthy of interest for both research and clinical purposes. This review summarizes the available knowledge of venous return from the foot with a special focus on research and clinical implications. The anatomy and physiology of venous return are described with an emphasis on the differences between standing and walking and the interplay between the venous systems of both the foot and the calf. Selected conditions of clinical interest are discussed and mechanistically interpreted, including the distinctive…

Full text

Focus on venous embryogenesis of the human lower limbs

Focus on venous embryogenesis of the human lower limbs Jean-François UHL Descartes University Paris, France Abstract Embryogenesis of the venous system is a complex phenomenon that is not fully understood. In spite of the studies done by Born, Hochstetter, and Lewis, we do not know the precise chain of events leading to vasculogenesis of the venous network in humans. Yet, this is an important topic in order to improve our anatomical knowledge, which is of the highest interest in clinical practice. A good knowledge of anatomy is mandatory to perform in-depth assessments of chronic venous disorders by ultrasound mapping. Understanding…

Full text