"they limit investigation to color duplex scanning (CDS), which in this perspective is logical and reasonable. Compression, drugs, and lifestyle recommendations do not call for level III investigation according to the CEAP classification.1 Conservative treatment as far as etiology is concerned relies mainly on the signs and symptoms, independently of the location, extension of anatomical lesions, and pathophysiological abnormality. Conversely, when surgical or endovenous treatment is considered, the CEAP A and P descriptors must be defined precisely and the severity of PTS as a whole must be"

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"n of lower extremitiy deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Its incidence is approximately 3/1000 per year in the adult population. A combination of reflux and obstruction is often seen in limbs with more advanced clinical disease than obstruction alone. A thorough workup of the patient with disabling PTS is necessary to identify patients amenable to open surgical or endovascular intervention. Duplex scanning is the gold standard for diagnosis of chronic venous disease. The superficial system should be addressed first, followed by or in conjunction with the perforator and deep systems. Chronically obs"

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"VT) in the prevention of postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) has not been widely accepted in clinical practice. This article investigates the existing evidence regarding the effects of compression in the prevention of PTS, with or without early ambulation after proximal DVT. Electronic and hand searching of the relevant literature was undertaken. Two systematic reviews and four randomized studies were identified. In these four studies there was lack of uniformity in reporting standards. In all but one study a clear benefit (48% risk reduction in the development of PTS) was shown by the use of com"

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"o conservative therapies, and the presence of non-healing or recurrent ulcers may lead one to consider surgery. However, even if surgery is properly indicated, traditional techniques such as femoral transposition and valve transplantation are not always suitable, and in these cases a de novo valve reconstruction represents a surgical opportunity. Our neovalve reconstruction technique consists in creating an intimal flap by performing a wall dissection. The purpose is to create an antireflux mechanism that reduces venous hypertension. This technique was applied from December 2000 in 39 selected"

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